I have to write this several hours in the past, but: the embargo on the Senate Armed Services Committee’s full report on the treatment of detainees in Pentagon custody is now lifted. You can read the grim report here. As I referenced earlier, I spent my afternoon reading this thing and writing it up for a Washington Independent story that should be up at our website right now. (Alas, I’m writing this post before the link to my story exists, so I have nothing more specific, but I’ll update.)
The gruesome stuff: while the report’s executive summary came out in December, until now, we were spared the full extent of how the Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape program intended to help captured U.S. troops endure torture became the template for interrogations at Guanatanamo Bay, Afghanistan, Iraq and at the CIA’s black sites. Never mind the fact that SERE instructors are not interrogators. The report documents thoroughly the frantic exchanges between the office at Joint Forces Command that oversees SERE, the Joint Personnel Recovery Agency (JPRA), the Office of the Secretary of Defense, and Guantanamo Bay during 2002 as the Bush administration comes up with a structure for "enhanced interrogation" from scratch. To quote the report, detailing a July 2002 memo from JPRA to the office of Pentagon general counsel Jim Haynes:
The first attachment to the July 26, 2002 memo was "Physical Pressures used in Resistance Training and Againt American Prisoners and Detainees." That attachment included a list of techniques used to train students at SERE school to resist interrogation. The list included techniques such as the facial slap, walling, the abdomen slap, use of water, the attention grasp, and stress positions. The first attachment also listed techniques used by some of the service SERE schools, such as use of smoke, shaking and manhandling, cramped confinement, immersion in water or wetting down, and waterboarding.
This happens in spite of repeated warnings from inside SERE that these techniques are inappropriate for use as interrogation techniques. One SERE instructor who trained U.S. interrogators in 2002 told Rumsfeld’s working group on interrogations in 2003, "The physical and psychological pressures we apply in training violate national and international laws… I hope someone is explaining this to all these folks asking for our techniques and methodology!" But these techniques became the basis of what Rumsfeld approved in April 2003; and then, as the Schlesinger report documented the following year, they got sent to Iraq to "Gitmo-ize" Iraq intelligence operations. And that’s how Abu Ghraib happened.
Consider this a working thread for what you consider significant in the report. I’ll tell you one aspect of it that I’ll have much more on tomorrow: CIA lawyer Jonathan "if the detainee dies, you’re doing it wrong" Fredman.



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Does this qualify as a sternly worded conclusion? page xxvii
Conclusion 8: Detainee abuse occurred during JPRA’s support to Special Mission Unit (SMU)
Task Force (TF) interrogation operations in Iraq in September 2003. JPRA Commander Colonel
Randy Moulton’s authorization ofSERE instructors, who had no experience in detainee
interrogations, to actively participate in Task Force interrogations using SERE resistance training
techniques was a serious failure in judgment. The Special Mission Unit Task Force
Commander’s failure to order that SERE resistance training techniques not be used in detainee
interrogations was a serious failure in leadership that led to the abuse ofdetainees in Task Force
custody. Iraq is a Geneva Convention theater and techniques used in SERE school are
inconsistent with the obligations of U.S. personnel under the Geneva Conventions.
SERE has always struck me as the behavioral science version of the weapons-grade anthrax samples kept around for “research.” I think this use of SERE is exactly what was intended, at least by some of its creators.
The acronym for the Special Mission Unit Task Force Commander who failed to order that SERE not be used for interrogation…SMUT-F*C. Sort of an apt descriptor for this obscenity!
From today’s Wash. Post:
By late 2001, counterterrorism officials were becoming frustrated by the paucity of useful leads coming from interrogations — a meager showing that was linked, according to one Army major, to interrogators’ insistence on “establishing a link between al-Qaeda and Iraq,” the report said.
I’ll try to find it in the report. This is more evidence that Bush & Co. were determined to invade Iraq from the start.
page 41:
(D) At the time, there was a view by some at GTMO that interrogation operations had not
yielded the anticipated intelligence,29O MAl Burney testified to the Army IG regarding
interrogations:
[T]his is my opinion, even though they were giving information and some of it was
useful, while we were there a large part ofthe time we were focused on trying to establish
a link between AI Qaeda and Iraq and we were not being successful in establishing a link
between AI Qaeda and Iraq. The more frustrated people got in not being able to establish
this link .. , there was more and more pressure to resort to measures that might produce
. d’ I
more Imme late resu ts. 291
There is a major aspect to all this that nobody is talking about. The SERE training was directly based on Chinese Communist techniques from the 50’s that were used to illicit FALSE confessions from captured US GI’s. (not unlike McCain’s confession years later in Nam.)
I posted about this on my blog long ago (http://dastinct.blogspot.com/2008/07/gitmo-2.html) and it includes this link to a really good NYT article about the whole SERE thing, its must read background for anyone thinking about this.
(http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/02/us/02detain.html?_r=1&th&emc=th)
Here’s the take-away:
The military trainers who came to Guantánamo Bay in December 2002 based an entire interrogation class on a chart showing the effects of “coercive management techniques” for possible use on prisoners, including “sleep deprivation,” “prolonged constraint,” and “exposure.”
What the trainers did not say, and may not have known, was that their chart had been copied verbatim from a 1957 Air Force study of Chinese Communist techniques used during the Korean War to obtain confessions, many of them false, from American prisoners.
The 1957 article from which the chart was copied was entitled “Communist Attempts to Elicit False Confessions From Air Force Prisoners of War” and written by Albert D. Biderman, a sociologist then working for the Air Force, who died in 2003.
The only change made in the chart presented at Guantánamo was to drop its original title: “Communist Coercive Methods for Eliciting Individual Compliance.”
They wanted confessions and they didn’t give a damn if they had any validity. Folks at the top had to know that the program they initiated was only useful for getting false confessions, not for any serious gathering of actual intellegence!
Why does Senator Levin use the phrase use of abusive interrogation techniques or use of aggressive interrogation techniques?
Why doesn’t he use the word TORTURE?
Spencer:
When you say the SERE instructors are not Interrogators, your statement is mostly correct. However, the two Navy SERE schools (Maine and Coronado/Warner Springs California) had one USMC 0251 Interrogator-Translator apiece (instructors) up through the late nineties/early oughts. Why???? I guess to show the rest of the instructors how non hostile questioning, elicitation, and trickery can work besides the macho BS (the experience is more of a psychological wearing down than anything else). Also, by having an ongoing presence there, the members of our small community would get quotas to the school. So is this still the case? I do not know, since that MOS was subsumed within the Counterintelligence field in 1999, which morphed into something else because of GWOT/WOWOGS. I split in early 1999. I tried to research a JPRA document, but it did not address what I was looking for.
Yup. On it.
I didn’t know that, thanks. Let me see what I can find.
Possibly because he had to get approval of the report past 12 Republicans and Joe Lieberman. (Although one of those GOPers is John McCain.)