Newsweek’s Fareed Zakaria has an article online making a very strong case that Iran is not seeking a nuclear weapon. I realize that there is a split in this country between those who believe Iran is trying to get a nuke and those who think they aren’t, but I myself have never heard the argument made against them wanting a bomb for these particular reasons.
Everything you know about Iran is wrong, or at least more complicated than you think. Take the bomb. The regime wants to be a nuclear power but could well be happy with a peaceful civilian program (which could make the challenge it poses more complex). What’s the evidence? Well, over the last five years, senior Iranian officials at every level have repeatedly asserted that they do not intend to build nuclear weapons. President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has quoted the regime’s founding father, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, who asserted that such weapons were "un-Islamic." The country’s Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, issued a fatwa in 2004 describing the use of nuclear weapons as immoral. In a subsequent sermon, he declared that "developing, producing or stockpiling nuclear weapons is forbidden under Islam." Last year Khamenei reiterated all these points after meeting with the head of the International Atomic Energy Agency, Mohamed ElBaradei. Now, of course, they could all be lying. But it seems odd for a regime that derives its legitimacy from its fidelity to Islam to declare constantly that these weapons are un-Islamic if it intends to develop them. It would be far shrewder to stop reminding people of Khomeini’s statements and stop issuing new fatwas against nukes.
Following a civilian nuclear strategy has big benefits. The country would remain within international law, simply asserting its rights under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, a position that has much support across the world. That would make comprehensive sanctions against Iran impossible. And if Tehran’s aim is to expand its regional influence, it doesn’t need a bomb to do so. Simply having a clear "breakout" capacity—the ability to weaponize within a few months—would allow it to operate with much greater latitude and impunity in the Middle East and Central Asia.
Iranians aren’t suicidal. In an interview last week, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu described the Iranian regime as "a messianic, apocalyptic cult." In fact, Iran has tended to behave in a shrewd, calculating manner, advancing its interests when possible, retreating when necessary. The Iranians allied with the United States and against the Taliban in 2001, assisting in the creation of the Karzai government. They worked against the United States in Iraq, where they feared the creation of a pro-U.S. puppet on their border. Earlier this year, during the Gaza war, Israel warned Hizbullah not to launch rockets against it, and there is much evidence that Iran played a role in reining in their proxies. Iran’s ruling elite is obsessed with gathering wealth and maintaining power. The argument made by those—including many Israelis for coercive sanctions against Iran is that many in the regime have been squirreling away money into bank accounts in Dubai and Switzerland for their children and grandchildren. These are not actions associated with people who believe that the world is going to end soon.
One of Netanyahu’s advisers said of Iran, "Think Amalek." The Bible says that the Amalekites were dedicated enemies of the Jewish people. In 1 Samuel 15, God says, "Go and smite Amalek, and utterly destroy all that they have, and spare them not; but slay both man and woman, infant and suckling, ox and sheep, camel and ass." Now, were the president of Iran and his advisers to have cited a religious text that gave divine sanction for the annihilation of an entire race, they would be called, well, messianic.
Now the religious angle of this issue might be the most persuasive if you ask me. The Supreme Leader can not get up and preach against the morality of nuclear weapons and call them "un-Islamic" and then wink and nod to his followers and have everything work out fine. One of the consequences of a theistic society is that the citizens follow the leader’s spiritual teachings for better or for worse. So how would they even find someone to work on a program that they have been taught will guarantee them a corner of Hell? And as Zakaria points out this isn’t something that Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, has just said in passing. Its something that has been reiterated several time over the years.
Now we have to be honest with ourselves here. If Zakaria can figure this out then obviously people in the White House and in Congress surely can and have as well. I think the question now is how much will President Obama and his administration focus on the facts of the situation rather than continuing to rail against Iran for seeking a weapon that they have good reason to believe they aren’t actually trying to develop. I was one of those whom cheered on then Senator Obama’s position that he would try diplomacy with Iran and give that a chance. But honestly since he has taken office I have been more than a little disturbed with the rhetoric coming from both President Obama and his Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton, when it comes to Iran. Yes there has been outreach but there has also been a lot of hyperbole about Iran’s supposed pursuit of nuclear weapons.
I realize much of that has to do with our government’s relationship with Israel but the problem is people believe what a President says. That’s why they are usually the biggest movers of public opinion. So when President Obama or Secretary Clinton makes allusions to Iran seeking a nuclear weapon, the average citizen hears that and believes its a foregone conclusion. Just look at how reports of Iran test firing a conventional missle got conflated into "nuclear test" recently. People who aren’t political junkies or policy wonks don’t spend their time googling NIEs and transcripts of Congressional hearings. So what happens when public opinion grows for strikes against Iran even if they have done nothing to warrant them? What happens if Israel launches a strike on Iran preemptively and public opinion is that Iran deserved even if they decidedly didn’t? This has nothing to do with coming to the aid of Israel should she come under attack. In that event we will no doubt stand by her side. But this has everything to do with the old Bush doctrine of preemptive war on countries that have not attacked us or our allies.
I don’t believe our national security interests are being served well by the use of over the top rhetoric. Its about time that we demand to hear of any evidence our government has that Iran is truly seeking a nuclear weapon. And if there is none its about time that that fact was made well known to the public. We have enough enemies in this world that are real threats to our security without trying to invent one. And I think at this point we have all seen what happens when lies get repeated over and over so many times that they become accepted as the truth. We don’t need the kind of march to war with Iran that we had on the march to war with Iraq.
Now I am not saying that Zakaria is the the foremost authority on this issue and that just because he said it makes it true. However what I AM saying is that nobody has made a credible argument for why Iranians would be seeking a bomb other than something along the lines of "they are crazy mooslems." And yet our elected leaders are allowed to repeatedly make statements to the effect that they are seeking a weapon without ever having to quantify their position. It would be nice if our mainstream media sources would press our elected leaders to either put up or shut up. Especially after the embarrassment of the 2007 NIE which also said that Iran wasn’t seeking a weapon after years and years of politicians telling us they were. Either give the American people a plausible explanation for why they believe Iran is seeking a nuclear weapon or, if they can’t, knock off the fear mongering. This is one movie that doesn’t need a sequel.
Cross posted at Smooth Like Remy



22 Comments
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Well, I think there is a pretty straightforward motivation. It deters intervention by the U.S. We’ve demonstrated conventional dominance on multiple occasions but similarly have shown that we can be deterred by nuke. That aid, having a breakaway capacity would probably be sufficient regarding fear of full on invasion which have substantial lead up time.
Of course, over the top rhetoric would just reinforce this motive and some level of security guarantees could go decrease the appeal of having weapons versus having breakaway capacity.
This isn’t to say that they necessarily want the bomb, but there’s a fairly straightforward motivation present for any country that we regularly rattle our saber at.
Israel is dangerous and they want the US to hurt Iran, if not with strikes, then with sanctions (let’s remember they wanted us to blockade Iran’s ports and Bayh and Ackerman even introduced the bills). I believe Obama is afraid that if he doesn’t appease Israel, they will destroy his government. After all, if the eyes of the US are averted to the destruction of our own government, it still works out to Israel’s interest and they can get more of the West Bank. Wrecking Obama’s government also makes him more pliable.
Meanwhile, slightly OT — This story has gone v. quiet:
“…Egypt: Uranium Traces Are Studied
By REUTERS
Published: May 6, 2009
The International Atomic Energy Agency is investigating traces of highly enriched uranium it found at a nuclear research site in Egypt, according to a report by the group, obtained by Reuters. It did not say whether the particles had been enriched to a level high enough for use as fuel for a nuclear bomb but said that further tests were planned. Egypt had explained that it believed that the uranium “could have been brought into the country through contaminated radioisotope transport containers,” the report said. Radioisotopes are commonly used for agriculture and medicine…”
Link
Obama’s doing a decent, if not spectacular job, of walking a narrow path between the fervent Iranaphobia stirred up in the US over the last 8 years or so and a logical, clear-headed analysis such as is discussed here. The LAST thing he wants is a expanded conflict in the middle east, but he has to protect his flank from default accusations of “appeasement”, regardless of how disingenuous they might be.
Greg is correct that the thing that would certainly drive Iran to weaponize their program would be a realistic fear of invasion and occupation by the US. Since they don’t have that overwhelming concern at this point, they can create a condition whereby they are the “law abiding citizens” in the nuclear argument and could still, at any time, kick out the IAEA inspectors and make the fissile material they need for a bomb in less than 12 months.
In Israel, the Likudniks grasp on power is predicated on an eternal existential threat, permanent enemies and a certain level of conflict in the region. If Iraq is going to settle down with a Shiite majority government as a satellite state of Iran and Syria and Lebanon are something less than smoking powder kegs, then all they’ll have is Gaza and that is mostly seen as an internal problem, and in no way an existential threat. So, as the only important player in the game who feels more threatened by peace than war, Israel can be counted on to continue to ratchet up the pressure, and unless Obama can reign them in firmly, they will attack Iran from the air to get things stirred up again…
mikey
Yet if Israel attacks Iran, they have been warned that they will risk the special relationship.
I imagine that the current Iran NIE is of great interest. Let’s see it.
To whatever extent they have been warned, they do not take the warning seriously.
Nor should they. If Israel launches a strike package, they will overfly Iraq and the US will be held responsible. Iranian retaliation against Israel will be suppressed by US military action. Iranian retaliation against American troops in Iraq and American interests and bases in the gulf will result in American-Iranian combat. Any attempt the Iranians make to retaliate economically, ie, closing Hormuz will be countered by American forces, and under current tactical doctrine would result in US Marines landing in southern Iran to secure the missile launch facilities and locations.
The result of the “special relationship” is already in place. Israel’s actions will result in the US being blamed for any attack, targeted for retaliation and drawn into the conflict. And if the Arab states decide to act in a concerted fashion (very unlikely, but at least possible) then it will require the a guarantee of American strategic support (the “nuclear umbrella”) to have any hope of preventing the Israelis, if threatened by a full-scale Arab mobilization from using their own nuclear weapons.
mikey
AIPAC [as far as I’ve heard] haven’t kicked up a fuss on Christopher Kojm vs. what happened with Chas Freeman — I can’t seem to find out any real info on guy via the internet? Do you have inside knowledge on where the guy stands on our ’special relationship’?
“…’Iranian retaliation against Israel will be suppressed by US military action. + Iranian retaliation against American troops in Iraq and American interests and bases in the gulf will result in American-Iranian combat…”
=
WWIII with the Arab World.
Un-Islamic?
Then what are the Iranian ICBMs for — generating electricity?
Iran just recently tested a solid-fuel missile. Solid fuel missiles are better for military use (quick to launch and easy to hide), whereas liquid-fuel rockets are often better for satellite launching (more efficient).
See this LA Times story, for more on the missile.
ICBM’s are only useful for WMDs and can be made Islamic as soon as the Mullahs write a new fatwa…
If either Israel or the US wanted to attack the Iranian government, they would have done it in the 30 years since the Mullahs took over in 1979. With Saddam gone, Iran has no external military enemies. This means the nukes are not defensive, but offensive. Zakaria is is full of baloney.
Quit thinking the Mullahs are normal. They’ve made holocaust denial official state policy. Normal people don’t do that. The Iranian government mouths off endlessly about destroying another sovereign nation, Israel. Normal people don’t do that.
Ask yourself; Why is Iran building ICBMs that can “Hit the target exactly”?
Lets see.
The Iranian President, who has NO control over the Iranian military, makes an ambiguous statement inaccurately translated to mean it is Iranian policy to destroy Israel and the Iranians are the most evil, biggest threat since the rise of Fascism in the ’30s.
At the same time, the American and Israeli leadership who do have the power to order military attacks make repeated, explicit threats to attack, bomb, invade, destabilize and blockade Iran, assassinate their political leaders and scientists and implement a series of strategic and economic sanctions against Iran, who continues to operate under it’s international legal obligations including the NPT.
It should also be pointed out that while Israel and the United States have fought a significant number of wars over the last six decades, some of which they chose to start, Iran has fought a defensive war against Saddam’s Iraq and none other.
If you are having trouble understanding why the Iranians might want a certain amount of strategic regional deterrent capability, one wonders if perhaps there might be something ideological obscuring your view.
From an honest international relations standpoint, I think it might be only reasonable to have one shred of evidence before concluding that the Iranians are lying about their nuclear program. Being as how the IAEA, the American Intelligence services and the Iranians themselves all agree that there is no evidence that supports the belief that the Iranians are development nuclear weapons. You can’t just stamp your feet and say you’re right and they’re ALL wrong, at least if you want to be taken seriously…
mikey
Amalek:
Netanyahu did not say this himself, so the comparison to a president is in error. In any case, the Israeli word nowadays just means “enemy”, and is not taken to mean total annihilation.
Even those Jews who refer to Hitler as “Amalek” never suggested a holocaust against the German people.
Zakariah’s misunderstanding approaches a blood libel.
The Wikipedia page on Amalek has more information. If Zakaria had known even this much he would have been more careful.
@mikey:
Iran has a real need for a regional deterrent, you say, and they’re building ICBMs, but you then say they aren’t going to have nuclear warheads?
What then will be their regional deterrent, and what will they do with their solid-fuel ICBMs?
Oh, and why were they hiding their nuclear program from the world and the IAEA for so long?
911
AIPAC
Federal Reserve
(whistleblowers multiply)
For a more experienced voice on Iran and it’s bomb, read this NY Times interview with Thérèse Delpech. She knows a lot more about it than Zakaria.
Fred, I’m going to guess that you cannot be convinced, and your position has every bit as much validity as mine (provided you recognize that there is no evidence supporting it, or if I’m mistaken about that, you provide the link), but if you don’t think that conventional ICBM (or even chemical – nobody’s saying they don’t have a CW program) program is a deterrent, you haven’t lived in a war zone. If Iran can tear up Tel Aviv, especially if they can deliver conventional HE with a CEP of 150 meters, allowing them to target specific facilities, without having to penetrate Israeli air defenses, that IS a significant deterrent, and if you’re going to participate in this type of discussion to state otherwise will impact your credibility. Remember the Iranians KNOW they have multiple 300-500 kiloton warheads selectively targeted on their cities and facilities.
Without any informed party presenting a single shred of evidence that they have a weapons program, the logical assumption is that they don’t. And it is again logical to assume that if they put themselves in a position where they can weaponize in less than a year, they’re in every bit as good a position militarily without ceding the “high road”. It seems increasingly obvious that’s what they’re doing, and if you had to game it as the Iranians I suspect it’s what YOU’D do.
As to why they were hiding their program years ago? I can’t actually say, but I can list Libya, South Africa, India, Pakistan, Japan, Israel, South Korea and Brazil and if I bothered to go to the great gazoogle I bet I could find a lot more who had a covert R&D program. Many nations have flirted with nukes, some have even gotten engaged, before deciding that they weren’t going to the altar…
mikey
@mikey
Iran didn’t need a deterrent against Israel or the US until Iran started building ICBMs and warheads. The Reagan administration could have just waltzed in and demolished the place, but did not. Likewise Clinton and the two Bushes, and the various Israeli leaders who could have tried. Only Saddam was a threat, and he is dead.
You’re essentially arguing they need nukes because they are paranoid — and they really don’t want nukes, anyway.
And the deterrent theory also fails when you look at their wacky holocaust denial, and their multiple statements about eliminating Israel. (These are the statements that are famous for the idiomatic translation as wiping Israel off “The Map”).
For some people it is a big deal that the Farsi version refers to eliminating Israel from the “Pages of Time” instead of a “Map”. Together with the nukes and missiles we know what it means; nuclear war.
The combination of nukes, missiles and anti-zionism (and anti-semitism) is not a formula for economic development, or for peace. It is only a formula for war.
There is much more than “a shred” of evidence of a weapons program. In addition to the ICBMs there is all that yellowcake. And the old warhead program that may have stopped, according to the NIE, in 2003. Do a web search for ‘Project 111′ and you will find more “shreds”.
The Iranian nuke program is not about generating electricity, it is only about starting a new war. If you don’t believe me about their warhead plans, believe that European negotiator I linked earlier. And read that LA Times story on their missile launch. The missile is much more than a shred of a weapon.
Iran has gobs of energy, they don’t need a nuclear headache just to generate electricity.
Fred, I sense a certain “evangelical” commitment to your arguments. You don’t seem to want to have a good faith discussion – you seem to want a war. I don’t think that there’s much of a point in engaging you.
However. You make the statement:
If the best you can do is to disingenuously interpret my statements, if all you have is a dishonest presentation of MY opinion, then sadly, the community observing this exchange is likely to judge you harshly.
You want to make the case that “Yellowcake” is proof of a weapons program? Really? How uninformed of the fuel cycle do you assume this audience is? Where do you think reactor fuel comes from? Japan buys yellowcake, should we fear their nuclear weapons program? Come on. If you’re not going to do this in something approximating good faith, why do you bother?
Do you speak Farsi? Do you make the statement about the phrase in question out of firsthand knowledge? Is Juan Cole an idiot?
Do you honestly think that the development of a conventional regional strike capability is proof of a nuclear weapons program that the IAEA inspectors just can’t find? Or do you believe the inspectors are complicit in some way?
And if you can’t do the math around a country’s wealth generation from it’s national resources and it’s internal electrical generation needs, once again you may be unable to see beyond your own ideology…
mikey
@Mikey
You said there was no shred of evidence of a weapons program. I showed you more than shreds. Your statements have been demolished. Now you say these are not proofs. The only proof I can think of would be a nuclear test.
What I meant by paranoid is that Iran has no real enemies except those it created by building it’s nuclear program. If Iran thinks it needs deterrence, then that is paranoia, not reality.
When you get down to word for word translation, Juan Cole’s translation is pretty similar to all the others. Translators and analysts have some differences. But the general thrust is a wish to eliminate Israel. The interpretation is completed by Iran’s holocaust denial and its weapons programs.
The Iranian slogans “Death to America!” and “Death to Israel!” leave little to doubt. These are not peaceful intentions.
A “Conventional regional strike capability” makes no sense. It is gibberish. Delivering high explosives by long range guided missiles is not effective. Nobody even tries that anymore. You would need unreasonable accuracy or stupendous numbers or both. No country has this because it is neither a threat nor a deterrent. The only practical military use for ICBMs is to carry WMDs.
Iran isn’t building reactors for electrical power, and is losing money on it’s missiles. Iran is generating hatred and suspicion by supporting Hamas and Hezbollah. Neither their foreign policy nor their nuclear program is motivated by a drive for ordinary trade and commerce or “Wealth generation”.
Japan could build nuclear warheads if they chose to. The big difference between Iran and Japan in this area is ideology and goals. Iran is on a war footing, Japan has a posture of peace.
Ok Fred.
Here’s where the rubber meets the road.
Tell me how America and Israel should deal with Iran.
I am willing to offer a set of policies and responses that would contain a nuclear Iran. That seems to be unacceptable to you. Please enlighten us as to what how we should deal with Iran, unilaterally, bilaterally and within the United Nations.
mikey
Islamist Iran stones women for being raped, exterminates queers, imprisons dissidents and students, murders bloggers, has been indicted for the worst terror attacks in Argentina’s history, and you’re talking about Iran’s moral code as a basis for them not building nukes? Could you be any more dangerously naive?
Missed this question earlier…
Iran should stop nuclear development and enrichment until a nuclear development deal can be worked out. Nuclear missile (solid-fuel) development should be opened for inspection and destroyed. Israel should be officially recognized and violent slogans (”Death to America!”) should be eliminated. Iran should stop waging proxy war via Hamas and Hezbollah.
If Iran doesn’t stop these offensive acts, it should be economically blockaded. If Iran still persists, the nuclear facilities should be destroyed by the US.
There is more than one right way to do this, I don’t insist on exact details, as long as the result is pulling back from nuclear war and nuclear threats.
Iran gets hundreds of billions of dollars from the industrialized west for it’s oil, this is a huge amount of money for doing nothing. The West could have walked in and simply taken this oil. There is no basis for the claim that the West has been exploiting or has been hostile to Iran. It is more than insulting that Iran takes this money and turns around to buy other Western inventions to wage war against the West. This must not be permitted.
And there you have it, ladies and gentlemen. The healthy, centrist, solution-oriented approach to that pesky Iranian problem. Another complex international issue that can be solved simply with a minimum of fuss and bother by killing people and destroying their shit. And you wonder why people might want to attack Americans or develop deterrent capability.
Sure, this prescription will solve the problem neatly and forever. Hey, what could possibly go wrong?
mikey