I will never ever read a publication called the Jewish Review of Books on the general principal that there are too many subsidies for circumsized middlebrow conservative philistines, and this Michael Weingrad essay is a perfect example of why I’m not updating my RSS reader:
[W]hy don’t Jews write more fantasy literature? And a different, deeper but related question: why are there no works of modern fantasy that are profoundly Jewish in the way that, say, The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe is Christian? Why no Jewish Lewises, and why no Jewish Narnias?
His name is Michael Chabon, you fool. Or Jonathan Lethem. Or, as my friend Sam Goldman insightfully observes, perhaps you ought to pick up a superhero comic. Practically every iconic superhero was created by Jews. Wrap your mind around two Jews, Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster, creating an invincible hero called Superman in 1932.
Probably more accurately, the Jewish CS Lewises are named Stan “Stanley Lieber” Lee and Jack “Jacob Kurtzberg” Kirby. Weingrad is asking the wrong question if he wants a one-to-one transposal of the Christian Lewis to Jewish creators, who are less likely to create direct parables because an impulse to convert doesn’t exist in Judaism, but questions of justice, power and responsibility — stuff that concerns Jews, I hear — are central to the Marvel Universe. Back when Jews still lived in urban enclaves, Lee and Kirby created the Thing, the first Jewish superhero (and probably the first Jew in space), to bring the ersatz-Lower East Side values of “Yancy Street” to the gentile masses and give the Yancy Street kids a relatable hero to look up to — the world scorned him for his appearance, but he was brave and strong and moral and had more heart than anyone. I don’t need to explain the civil rights allegory of the X-Men, but you could make quite the engaging Haggadah out of the “Days of Future Past” storyline. If it’s young-adult fiction you want, practically nothing will get kids into the habit of reading, and reading passionately, than comic books.



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Principle. Not principal.
But other than that, yes.
Not a comics person, but the point about Superman is, to me, astonishing. Maybe old hat in comics circles, I don’t know.
Matt
There’s got to be at least some papers out there with the thesis “The Thing as a modern day Golem” right?
Spencer,
A friend posted that article as a link on facebook, and before reading the article, I made the same point about Jewish-written/created comic books.
But Weingrad’s essay has a much smaller scope–he’s really mostly talking about Tolkien and Lewis-style High Fantasy (and Harry Potter’s epic fantasy) and his reasoning doesn’t seem wrong when applied to that smaller scope: Jews may care about justice, but Judaism (at least as it was taught at my Conservative temple) doesn’t really have a cosmic sense of Good vs. Evil–where’s the Jewish Sauron or Voldemort or Jadis? One is tempted to say something like “Lilith is the Jewish Jadis,” but that doesn’t really work out; Raphael Patai has a good article on the folklore around Lilith that points out that she doesn’t fall easily into categories of good/evil.
Fair enough. As you can probably tell, I only got so far into it before giving up on the essay as bullshit.
@benjb–You’re right about the way Weingrad frames the question. But that frame may be too narrow. If you define fantasy in terms of Lewis and Tolkein, then of course there’s no Jewish fantasy. On the other hand, why should superhero comics be excluded?
It’s not a great essay by a long shot–the premise is sort of strange. Might as well ask why there’s not many Jews writing cozy murder mysteries–where is the Jewish Agatha Christie?
I’m sure variations on that question will fill future issues of the Jewish Review of Books from now until the money runs out.
It’s very odd to see someone place Tolkien or even Lewis in a purely religious context; while the Christian tones of their writing are undeniable, they owe their popularity to being English.
Ahh, ever hear of Issac Asimov?
I eagerly await the “Where is the Jewish baptism?” article. (Or even better, “Where is the Jewish Christ?”)
Sample size is also a huge factor here. How many respectable high fantasy authors are there, anyway? Only a fraction as many as there are in science fiction, which is itself considered a literary backwater. High fantasy’s just not that big of a genre, and most of the stuff in it is garbage.
A shout out from Rav Spencer Ackerman! Very honored, I’m a regular reader of this page.
I have not read Mr. Weingrad’s piece but I agree with others that the defintion of so-called High Fantasy is necessarily very narrow and excludes huge areas of fantasy fiction written by Jews and Gentiles alike. But I think it’s kind of an interesting question, as long as we aren’t lamenting the absence or somehow holding it against Jewish literature.
And I’d stack Darkseid against Sauron any day.
I would also put in a good word for the work of the great Avram Davidson and a wonderful contemporary writer, Lisa Goldstein.
Surely X-Men is science fiction, as are most of the superhero comics being thrown around in this discussion, no? I haven’t read the article in its entirety either, but this bit jumped out at me, and would seem to go to the heart of your question: “To put it crudely, if Christianity is a fantasy religion, then Judaism is a science fiction religion.” The preponderance of sci-fi comic characters created by Jews would seem to support this idea.
This is the highest honor ever to appear on my blog.
And Sam Goldman and your readers are right when they point out that the question here is about Jewish Narnias – that is fantasy worlds constructed out of the stuff of Jewish folklore and tradition – and not Jewish fantasy writers, of which there are many (Neil Gaiman, anyone?). I think that’s still a good question, so far as it goes.
day-um
Agreed that it’s a scoping issue but it still is an interesting one as far as it goes – there are lots and lots and lots of Jewish authors, Jewish authors writing SF, Jewish authors writing comix, Jewish authors writing “literary” SF/magical realism/whatever. But not really high fantasy, for whatever reason – I don’t think Weingrad is off on that, and I think there might be something to the fantasy religion/SF religion dichotomy. The lack of nostalgia in particular makes sense to me: a parallel fantasy world recreating the conditions of the shtetl would be, er, less-than-appealing.
That there aren’t more Feldsteins and Horowitzes emblazoned under pictures of bejewelled dragons on crystal towers fighting brave heroes is not something that I, personally, find to be Bad for the Jews.
What?! The Lion the Witch and the Wardrobe is CHRISTIAN?! I mean, come on, the Lion of Judah, Edmund is clearly the ungrateful child of the Passover Seder, Susan has a SHOFAR… But seriously, as for kid appeal, in addition to comics, there’s lotsa Jewish sci fi writers who deal with the big Judaism themes you’ve cited (like Asimov!). And while the content isn’t “profoundly Jewish” (if at all), Neil Gaiman has magic worlds aplenty such as in “Coraline,” and Maurice Sendak’s “Where the Wild Things Are” is a very magical world even though it lacks fauns and dryads. Sendak said the drawings of the wild things were in part inspired by childhood memories of his elderly Jewish relatives!
I’m surprised that no one has mentioned Isaac Basheves Singer, who creates fantasy worlds based on Jewish folklore.
What’s a day without a Yid complaining about Jews? Let’s try some bigger questions. Why wasn’t the Civil Rights movement 97% Christian? why isn’t the environmental movement primarily Christian? Why wasn’t the leadership of nearly every important movement of the 20th century Christian? Why weren’t there more Christian run movie companies? Where are they all? What a waste of space and time. Ackerman must be really desperate to have written that article. I mean, the planet is in major upheaval, our government is useless, the economy is tanking, and he’s thinking about Jewish fantasy writers? Judaism has always been concerned with the here and now. Make a better world – tikkun olam – don’t invent a fantasy one!
Oops. It was Weingrads article, not Ackermans. My apologies.
http://www.tberiv.org/_kd/Items/actions.cfm?action=Show&item_id=1050&destination=ShowItem
A worthwhile Yom Kippur sermon that seems on point.
I’ve written an essay about the Weingrad essay and your response here:
http://arche-arc.blogspot.com/2010/03/metaphenomenal-musings.html
It contains the sentence:
“Weingrad’s mostly right, Akerman’s mostly wrong.”
Your credibility might have been helped if you’d actually bothered to spell Spencer’s name correctly. /spelling police
Tho it doesn’t affect the argument as such, the spelling’s been fixed.